• Aug 1
• AddictionRecovery

Naloxone (Narcan): Everything You Need to Know 

**In the case of a medical emergency, call 911 immediately.** 

Commonly known by the brand name Narcan, naloxone is a medication that can reverse the effects of an opioid overdose, often within minutes. As opioid overdoses continue to be a public health issue across the United States, it’s more important than ever to understand what naloxone is and how to administer it. 

What Is Naloxone? 

Naloxone is a medication that reverses the effects of opioid overdoses. It works by clinging to the opioid receptors in the brain and blocking substances like heroin, fentanyl, oxycodone, morphine, and other opioids.  

Naloxone only has an effect if opioids are present in the person’s system. It is safe, non-addictive, and designed for use in emergency situations. 

How to Recognize an Opioid Overdose 

Acting quickly can save a life. Some signs to look for include: 

• Difficulty waking the person or getting a response 

• Breathing that is slow, irregular, or has stopped 

• Body appears limp or weak 

• Skin tone looks pale or has a blue tint, especially around the lips or fingertips 

• Unusual gurgling or gasping sounds 

How to Administer Nasal Naloxone (Narcan): 

If you think someone may be experiencing an overdose, call 911 right away—even if you have naloxone available. 

1. Peel back the packaging to open the device. (Do not open the packaging until you are ready to administer the naloxone.) 
2. Lay the person on their back, tilting the head back to open the airway. 
3. Insert the tip of the spray device into one nostril.  
4. Press the plunger firmly to release the dose. 
5. Wait 2 minutes. If there’s no response, administer another dose in the other nostril. 
6. Stay with the person until emergency help arrives, and if trained, provide rescue breathing or CPR if necessary. 

What Happens After Naloxone Is Given? 

Naloxone typically works within 2–3 minutes and can last between 30 to 90 minutes. However, because opioids can stay in the body for longer than that, it’s possible for overdose symptoms to return after the naloxone wears off. That’s why calling emergency services is essential, even if the individual appears to have recovered.   

Who Should Carry Naloxone? 

• People who use opioids, whether prescribed or illicit 

• Friends and family members of individuals at risk 

• Community service providers and outreach workers 

• Anyone in a public-facing role who may witness an overdose 

Where to Get Naloxone 

In many states, naloxone is available without a prescription and can be picked up at pharmacies or distributed through local health departments and harm reduction organizations. 

Help is Available 

If you or someone you know is struggling with substance use, help is available. Call 877-505-HOPE to learn more.